Thanks Naochan.
Hopefully you find it useful. Jika tulisannya ada yang salah atau perlu dikoreksi, please don’t hesitate to let me know.

You’re welcome. Keep reviewing and practicing the ones you have already learned and you’ll be excellent in English.

Thank you Inna_hafadz. Have you tried the Practice test 5 yet?

PENGGUNAAN “WAS” dan “WERE” DALAM PASSIVE VOICE.

Saya asumsikan pertanyaan Dedy adalah contoh penggunaan to be “was” dan “were” dalam kalimat pasif (passive voice). Jika demikian,

1. Was dan were dalam simple past tense.

Polanya:

I/He/She/It + was + verb3 + ……
You/We/They + were + verb3 + …

Contoh:

a. I was kissed by my dog earlier tonight.
b. He was hit by a car last week.
c. She was accepted to be a secretary at my school.
d. It was found by Christopher Columbus in 1492.
e. You were excluded from the team.
f. We were kept in the house.
g. They were repaired and repainted.

2. Was dan were dalam past continuous tense.
Polanya:

I/He/She/It + was + + being + verb3 + …
You/We/They + were + + being verb3 + …

Contoh:

a. I was being kissed by my dog when my daughter came.
b. He was being interrogated by my father
c. She was being hugged by her boyfriend when I entered the room.
d. It was being considered by the committee.
e. You were being looked for by the teacher at ten o’clock this morning.
f. We were being kept in the house when the police found us.
g. They were being repaired and repainted when I arrived there.

3. Was dan were dalam past future tense.
Polanya:

I/He/She/It + was going to be + verb3 + …
You/We/They + were going to be + verb3 + …

Contoh:

a. I was going to be promoted as the company’s manager last month.
b. He was going to be interrogated by my father yesterday.
c. She was going to be sent to Australia but she failed to get a visa.
d. It was going to be considered by the committee last Monday but it was postponed.
e. You were going to be left alone but luckily you showed up on time.
f. We were going to be taught by Ms. Jasmine but she changed her mind.
g. They were going to be repaired and repainted but my money was not enough.

4. Was dan were dalam past future continuous tense.
Polanya:

I/He/She/It + was going to be + being + verb3 + …
You/We/They + were going to be + being + verb3 + …

Contoh: ….

Ada yang mau sharing contoh kalimat dengan menggunakan pola 4 ini?

Great question, Kanadeva.

Unless it has been mentioned in the previous sentence, this kind of passive voice in which there’s no “by + object” is kind of impossible to change it directly into its active voice form. If the previous sentence states that, for example, “This university provides a scholarship.”, then it is very clear that the subject for the active voice is “the university”.

The university will give the scholarship to the student who has passed the selection test.

OR, we modify the sentence a little by using an anonymous subject, such as, someone, something etc. The subject we choose should not make the sentence deviate from its passive form.

The book has been stolen. (passive)
Someone has stolen the book. (active)

The passive forms in the two sentences are correct but they are slightly different in meaning.

1. Rice grains are stored in rice sheds= Bulir-bulir padi disimpan di lumbung-lumbung padi. It contains a general present fact.
2. These rice grains are to be stored in rice sheds= These rice grains are going to be stored in rice sheds = Bulir-bulir padi ini akan disimpan di lumbung-lumbung padi. It contains a plan of where the rice grains will be stored. Depending on the context, the sentence can also be an instruction to someone where the rice grains must be stored.

Besides they are different in meaning, of course, they are different in structure, as well.

Notes:

• in rice sheds is an adverb phrase of place
• to be stored is an infinitive in its passive form. Here, it also functions as an adverb.

Posisi adverb tidak ada kaitannya dengan apakah kalimatnya aktif atau pasif. Posisi adverb adalah fleksible, bisa diletakkan di awal, di tengah, atau di akhir clause. Pada umumnya, adverb diletakkan berdekatan dengan verb, adjective, adverb (lain), phrase, atau clause yang diterangkannya, agar stressnya lebih terasa dan lebih nyambung. Namun demikian, penempatan adverb yang benar perlu memperhatikan tipe adverb, apakah tergolong adverb of frequency, adverb of manner, adverb of degree, adverb of time, ataukah adverb of place. Inilah yang akan dibahas dalam hutang yang belum sempat saya bayar.

• You definitely must look after your pets better than now. (active). Definitely diletakkan sebelum must karena the speaker ingin memberi stress pada phrase must look after your pets better than now.
• Your pets must be definitely looked after better than now. (passive). Definitely memberi stress pada phrasal verb looked after.

• I will seriously study this article (active). Seriously menerangkan verb study.
• This article will be seriously studied (passive). Seriously menerangkan verb studied

• Someone will probably mug you if you walk in the park alone (active). Probably menerangkan verb mug.
• You will probably be mugged if you walk in the park alone. (passive). Probably menerangkan verb be mugged.

Varian dari kalimat-kalimat di atas antara lain:

• You must definitely look after your pets better than now. (Kalau menempatkan adverb di tengah kalimat dan kalimat tersebut menggunakan auxiliary (e.g. must, will, should, can, may, might, shall, could, etc), lebih baik kalau adverb diletakkan diantara auxiliary dan main verb. Khusus untuk adverb of manner, kalau kalimatnya mengandung lebih dari satu auxiliary, seperti pada kalimat pasif perfect tenses, adverb tipe ini diletakkan sebelum main verb, atau setelah main verb).
• Definitely, you must look after your pets better than now.
• You must look after your pets better than now, definitely.
• Your pets must be looked after definitely better than now. (definitely menerangkan adverb better)
• Definitely, your pets must be looked after better than now.
• Your pets must be looked after better than now, definitely.

• I will study this article seriously. Pada kalimat transitif, kalau adverb ditelakkan setelah verb maka letakkanlah setelah object. Akan salah kalau, I will study seriously this article.
• This article will be studied seriously.

• Probably, someone will mug you if you walk in the park alone.
• Probably, you will be mugged if you walk in the park alone.

Bagaimana dengan,

• You will be probably mugged if you walk in the park alone (?).

Karena probably bukan tergolong adverb of manner, maka kurang tepat kalau langsung diletakkan sebelum main verb. Yang lebih tepat adalah kalau diletakkan diantara will dan be, seperti pada kalimat yang Tiwi berikan.

It’s not correct. Sorry

Since nobody replies, here is the correct one:

Some money was given to me by my mother.

I am afraid you haven’t read the Past perfect and Past perfect continuous, as well as the Present perfect and Present perfect continuous, along with their comments yet. Hehehe

1. these student ===  these students or these studies? I’ll choose “these studies”

2. When a sentence contains more than one clause, active-to-passive or  passive-to-active transformation  is mostly done per clause basis. One clause may need to be transformed but the other(s) may be better if left untouched. 

In the sentence you provided, I’d change the first clause only.

It has been shown by these studies that most patients who improve with psychotherapy do so within six months of beginning treatment.

@ Kanadeva. Yes, it’s, of course, correct too, as shown in the options provided by Tika Adiwena. But,  there’s a drawback (i.e. more difficult to digest) especially when the object of the active voice is that long or longer..

@Tika Adiwena,

I think you did a great job. Congratulation.

I’d also like to note that I’d prefer not to omit the pronoun “that” from the noun clause for the reason I mentioned to Kanadeva. And lastly, I think “assumes” in question 3 should be “assumed”.

The way I look at it is, for example, as follows,

Psychotherapy has been assumed (by psychologists ) to have many benefits, such as, benefit A, benefit B, benefit C, and so forth. Apparently, however, there’s no agreement among clinical psychologists regarding those assumed benefits although they have debated them, the assumed benefits of psychotherapy, for years.

So, in the sentence in question, I think “………… benefits of psychotherapy” should take an adjective, which,  in this case, is “assumed” , a participial adjective.

Yes, “assume” is a verb, but I am not sure if it’s also a noun. As far as I know, its noun form is “assumption”. Using this noun is also possible, but the sentence would be as follows,

For years, clinical psychologists have debated the assumptions of the benefits of psychotherapy.

CMIIW

Posting saja pertanyaannya, nanti kita kerjakan sama-sama.

Dengan mengikuti pola-pola di posting di atas, silakan buat dan posting kalimat pasifnya. Pasti benar semua deh, atau paling tidak, sebagian besar sudah benar.